中国图们江河口湖沼沉积中植硅体古气候变化特征     

张新荣  王锡魁  郑洪波 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(5)

通过对中国图们江河口湖沼沉积剖面的植硅体组合的分析,划分出该剖面自17.1～2.247 kaB.P.期间的6个植硅体组合带,分别对应冷干-凉湿-冷干-凉湿-温暖-温湿的气候阶段.将分析结果与本剖面Na、K、Ba、Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn分析相对比,发现植硅体对气候湿润程度的反映不如Na、K、Fe敏感,但是比其它指标,如泥炭地发育程度对湿润度的反映,要灵敏得多.区域对比发现,本剖面的植硅体古气候过程存在着区域上的良好响应,对全球变化与区域响应研究起着积极作用.  相似文献   

海洋Nd同位素演化及古洋流循环示踪研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵葵东  蒋少涌  郑新源  陈天宇  凌洪飞 《地学前缘》2009,16(5):159

海洋Nd同位素演化已经成为示踪陆源风化输入和洋流循环改变的最重要的手段之一,得到了越来越多的应用,并取得了许多重要的成果。海水的Nd同位素组成主要受陆源输入物质控制,热液输入几乎可以忽略。由于Nd在海洋中的停留时间(约500～1000a)略小于海水的平均混合时间(约1500a),且各洋盆有不同的Nd同位素风化输入,因此现代各大洋海水具有不同的Nd同位素组成。在陆源输入稳定的情况下,可以利用海水的Nd同位素组成和演化来示踪水体的混合或洋流循环的改变。目前主要依靠对海洋中水成铁锰结壳、海洋钙质有孔虫壳体、磷酸质鱼骨头或鱼牙齿化石以及沉积物中铁锰氧化物组分等的研究来恢复和反演古海水的Nd同位素组成和演化。4种分析材料各有其优缺点。其中,通过对水成铁锰结壳的Nd同位素分析,基本建立了各大洋新生代以来的主要洋流的Nd同位素组成的长尺度演化。通过有孔虫壳体、鱼化石碎片和沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物组分可以进行高时间分辨率的古海水Nd同位素演化示踪。利用海水Nd同位素演化可以示踪古洋流通道的开启或闭合,以及获得水体交换的直接信息,为研究构造运动与气候变化之间的关系提供指示。同时,将海水Nd同位素演化与气候变化的指标结合起来,可以用于示踪各种气候条件下洋流循环的改变,将洋流循环的改变与气候变化联系起来,研究两者之间的成因关系。对表层水体的Nd同位素组成的研究则可以示踪不同气候条件下大陆陆源风化输入的改变。  相似文献   

三水盆地古近系下部湖相沉积的稀土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈亮  刘春莲  庄畅  车晓光  吴洁 《沉积学报》2009,27(6):1155-1162

通过分析三水盆地古近系下部岩心的稀土元素丰度和分布模式,并结合其它地球化学指标(Fe/Mn, Mg/Ca),重建了古近纪早期的古气候条件。岩心中稀土元素总量（∑REE）变化于7.06~230.01 μg /g之间,平均值为142.32 μg/g。接近全球平均大陆上地壳成分（UCC）,略低于北美页岩。沉积物显示轻稀土相对富集、右倾斜型、Eu中度亏损以及Ce异常不明显的稀土元素分布模式。岩心各深度处稀土元素分布模式非常相似,且与UCC的稀土元素分布模式基本一致。表明沉积物具有较为一致的物质来源和形成机理,而且源区具有大陆上地壳性质。岩心沉积时期古气候变化经历了较为干燥—温湿—温湿与干旱气候交替出现—以温湿气候条件为主的四个阶段。总体上显示明显的变湿趋势。  相似文献   

鄂西走马地区南华纪古城期-南沱早期古气候和古氧相演化：来自细碎屑岩元素地球化学的证据     

李明龙  陈林  田景春  郑德顺  许克元  方喜林  曹文胜  赵军  冉中夏 《地质学报》2019,93(9):2158-2170

新元古代后期地球经历了至少两次全球规模的冰川期,分别为Sturtian冰期和Marinoan冰期。鄂西走马地区南华系古城组与南沱组分别属于Sturtian和Marinoan冰期沉积,大塘坡组代表间冰期沉积,同时,大塘坡期是我国重要的成锰时期。本文通过对走马地区ZK702钻孔岩心古城组、大塘坡组、南沱组底部细碎屑岩样品元素地球化学的研究,计算了CIA、CIW、PIA、Al/Ca、Rb/Sr、V/Cr、U/Th等特征值,探讨了该区南华纪冰期至间冰期的古气候和古氧相演化过程,结合岩石学证据认为：古城冰期气候寒冷干燥(CIA值从底部的69. 2过渡至57. 8,均值为62. 2),大塘坡间冰期早期气候依然寒冷(CIA值介于54. 3～62. 7,均值59. 7),大塘坡中晚期气候恢复温暖湿润并趋于稳定(CIA值介于70. 2～81. 1,均值75. 8),南沱冰期气候又转向寒冷干燥(CIA值由78. 6降低至61. 9),CIW、PIA、Rb/Sr值等指标反映的古气候演化过程与CIA值反映一致,Al/Ca值的变化也反映了陆源碎屑输入量随着古气候波动;V/Cr、U/Th、Ni/Co等比值反映出研究区古海洋古城期-南沱早期总体处于氧化环境,其中大塘坡早期处于弱氧化环境,古城期、大塘坡中晚期和南沱早期处于氧化环境;研究区大塘坡锰矿形成于间冰期早期寒冷气候下的弱氧化环境,气候转暖后锰矿停止沉积,锰矿成矿与古气候和古氧相具有耦合关系。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘上二叠统——中下三叠统地球化学特征及其古气候、古环境指示意义     

谭聪  袁选俊  于炳松  刘策  李雯  崔景伟 《现代地质》2019,33(3):615-628

为探索陆相湖泊环境记录中二叠纪—三叠纪之交古气候演化的信息,以鄂尔多斯盆地南缘陕西铜川石川河剖面上二叠统石千峰组(P3s)和三叠系的刘家沟组(T1l)、和尚沟组(T1h)、纸坊组(T2z)为研究对象,对界面上下地层开展了系统的矿物学、岩石学和地球化学研究。通过主量和微量元素、碳氧同位素以及TOC测试对古盐度、古氧化还原环境和古气候演化规律进行分析。测试结果显示在二叠系—三叠系(P/T)界线附近主、微量元素和碳、氧同位素发生较明显的变化,气候环境代用化学指标的波动指示了从晚二叠世至早中三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地的古气候、古环境的变化。研究结果表明上二叠统石千峰组形成于河流-三角洲沉积环境,氧化程度相对低,古气候相对温暖湿润;下三叠统刘家沟组与和尚沟组的紫红色砂泥岩代表水体较浅的河流-三角洲相,强氧化环境,气候干旱炎热;而到中三叠统纸坊组沉积期,湖平面上升,元素的迁移作用加强,氧化程度变弱,气温降低,气候转为半干旱半湿润气候。碳同位素分析结果显示,鄂尔多斯盆地陆相P/T界线上δ^13CPDB存在显著负偏,与全球范围内的海相P/T界线具有一致性,说明在华北地台陆相P/T界线上同样存在气候突变和生物灭绝等重大地质事件的沉积记录,与海相地层可对比。  相似文献   

苏北淮安盐盆杨槐区块浦二段盐韵律特征及其古气候意义     

张文淼  丁国生  于兴河  完颜祺琪  垢艳侠  吴子瑾  孙乐  付超 《现代地质》2019,33(2):370-378

盐湖沉积因具有成盐多期性和连续完整性的特点,是恢复成盐期古环境的重要研究对象,形成的不同级次盐韵律记录了不同尺度周期下古气候的干湿变化。上白垩统浦口组是淮安盐盆的主要含盐层系,对含盐层段盐韵律的研究有助于恢复该地区成盐期的古气候特征。在对资料井A1井取心段岩心精细观察和岩样矿物成分分析的基础上,分析资料井岩性的垂向变化,对浦口组盐韵律特征进行识别并划分。根据盐韵律对古气候的指示作用研究成盐期区块短尺度气候周期下的古气候变化。将淮安盐盆杨槐区块浦口组划分出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级韵律,识别出完整的盐韵律组合,即泥岩—钙芒硝质盐岩—盐岩—钙芒硝质盐岩。含盐段中广泛发育暖温相矿物钙芒硝,指示气候特征为炎热的暖旱型。在Ⅳ级韵律尺度下建立了气候干湿性变化曲线,表明区块气候干湿性波动频繁,但仍以干旱为主,韵律厚度大致反映了气候波动频率大小。  相似文献   

Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area,northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting     

Irfan Temizel  Mehmet Arslan  Cem Yücel  Emel Abdioğlu Yazar  Abdullah Kaygusuz  Zafer Aslan 《International Geology Review》2020,62(9):1131-1158

ABSTRACT

Eocene intermediate to felsic plutons of different sizes and compositions are widespread in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt in northern Turkey. Of these, the Ta?l?k Tepe pluton in the Havza (Samsun) area is fine-to-medium-grained, with granular, porphyritic, and micrographic textures, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded emplacement ages of 42.9 (± 1.4) and 40.5 (± 1.3) Ma for the host granodioritic pluton and the dioritic MMEs, respectively. Petrochemically, the host pluton has I-type, high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous-to-slightly peraluminous features (A/CNK = 0.95–1.06). The host pluton also shows geochemical features of adakite-like rocks with high SiO₂ (67–68 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (15.5–16.0 wt%) content and Ba/La (17–23), Sr/Y (40.7–61.6), and La_N/Yb_N (14.4–23.7) ratios and low Y (8.2–9.9 ppm) and Yb_N (3.1–4.4) contents. Whole-rock major and trace element variations suggest that fractional crystallisation played a significant role in the pluton evolution. The N-MORB normalised trace element patterns of the pluton are similar to those of MMEs with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, Th and Ce, and negative Nb and Ti anomalies. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element plots show moderate-to-highly enriched concave patterns (La_N/Lu_N = 14.2–21.6) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu* = 0.86–1.14), all of which imply hornblende fractionation during magmatic evolution. The pluton samples have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.704767 to 0.704927, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.512767–0.512774, εNd values of (+2.52) – (+2.65), and δ¹⁸O values of 7.9–9.7‰. The isotopic compositions of the host pluton and MMEs are similar to I-type granitoids derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. Combined with regional studies, these new data suggest that the parental magma of the studied adakite-like pluton was generated from the lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation and assimilation in a post-collisional setting.  相似文献   

Did Paleogene North Atlantic rift-related eruptions drive early Eocene climate cooling?     

David W. Jolley  Mike Widdowson 《Lithos》2005,79(3-4):355-366

The delivery of volcanogenic sulphur into the upper atmosphere by explosive eruptions is known to cause significant temporary climate cooling. Therefore, phreatomagmatic and phreatoplinian eruptions occurring during the final rifting stages of active flood basalt provinces provide a potent mechanism for triggering climate change.

During the early Eocene, the northeast Atlantic margin was subjected to repeated ashfall for 0.5 m.y. This was the result of extensive phreatomagmatic activity along 3000 km of the opening northeast Atlantic rift. These widespread, predominantly basaltic ashes are now preserved in marine sediments of the Balder Formation and its equivalents, and occur over an area extending from the Faroe Islands to Denmark and southern England. These ash-bearing sediments also contain pollen and spore floras derived from low diversity forests that grew in cooler, drier climates than were experienced either before or after these highly explosive eruptions. In addition, coeval plant macrofossil evidence from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, also shows a comparable pattern of vegetation change. The coincidence of the ashes and cooler climate pollen and spore floras in northwest Europe identifies volcanism as the primary cause of climate cooling. Estimates show that whilst relatively few phreatomagmatic eruptive centres along the 3000 km opening rift system could readily generate 0.5–1 °C cooling, on an annual basis, only persistent or repeated volcanic phases would have been able to achieve the long-term cooling effect observed in the floral record. We propose that the cumulative effect of repeated Balder Formation eruptions initiated a biodiversity crisis in the northeast Atlantic margin forests. Only the decline of this persistent volcanic activity, and the subsequent climatic warming at the start of the Eocene Thermal Maximum allowed the growth of subtropical forests to develop across the region.  相似文献   

甘肃灵台黄土-红粘土序列中坡缕石的分布及其古气候意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

谢巧勤陈天虎  季峻峰陈骏徐惠芳  徐晓春 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(6):653-658

坡缕石是典型的干旱、强蒸发环境的指示矿物,黄土-红粘土序列中坡缕石的分布对古气候和古环境重建具有重要的指示意义。本文对灵台任家坡剖面中黄土、古土壤和红粘土代表性样品进行了场发射扫描电镜和高分辨透射电镜观察,结果发现,在3.6Ma以前沉积的红粘土中存有大量的自生坡缕石,而在3.2Ma以来沉积的红粘土及其上覆黄土古土壤序列没有坡缕石。剖面样品扫描电镜原位观察形貌特征和微观结构显示,坡缕石属于成壤作用自生矿物,系由伊蒙矿物在富镁孔隙液作用下转化形成。灵台剖面中坡缕石消失的层位与红粘土磁化率升高和粉尘通量及沉积速率增加的层位相一致。坡缕石在剖面中的分布指示3.6～3.2Ma前后是东亚季风的重要转型期,东亚古气候格局发生改变,由连续干暖的夏季风占主导向干冷冬季风和暖湿夏季风高频强波动交替环境演化。  相似文献   

Typical Geochemical Elements in Loess Deposit in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Paleoclimatic Implication   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

TAN Hongbing MA Haizhou ZHANG Xiying LU Huayu WANG Jianguo 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):110-116

Widespread and thick loess deposit in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau records paleoclimatic changes over the Quaternary period. In this study, we investigate a loess section located in a high terrace of the Huangshui River in the Xining Basin, and collect samples at 20-cm intervals by digging a well of 16-m depth （including paleosol S1 and SO and several loess interlayers over the last glacial-interglacial cycle and the Holocene）. Concentration of some active elements （Sr and Ca） and inert elements （Rb, Zr, Ti） in these loess samples are measured. The results show that ratios of those elements （oxide）, such as Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios, would indicate sensitively paleoclimatic changes, especially the history of precipitation over the last glacial-interglacial and the Holocene. Moreover, the curves of Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios had almost the same variable trends from the bottom to the top and also closely correlated with values of magnetic susceptibility and the global marine δ^18O record. But compared with the curves of magnetic susceptibility, the changes of ratios of these elements （oxide） are clearer and easy to understand. Therefore, the ratios of these typical chemical elements in the loess deposit may be used as an excellent index to investigate the history of paleoclimate, particularly precipitation changes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献